Rather, trajectories of democratic decline typically include an electoral juncture at which voters face a choice between two valid but potentially conflicting considerations: a candidate or party that champions their interests but also exhibits authoritarian tendencies, and one that may be more democratic but is also less appealing. These politicians rarely present voters with the straightforward choice between democracy and dictatorship. In an age of democratic backsliding, those threats arise primarily from actors within democracy itself-from elected politicians and their political parties. 3 Who will vote for him? Will he garner enough support to subvert democracy from within?Įlena Avramovska is senior researcher for democracy, society, and youth at the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung’s Democracy of the Future office.Īnswering these questions is key to understanding the nature and magnitude of threats to democracy today. 2 Or he suggests, inspired by Hungary’s prime minister Viktor Orbán, that the government closely monitor NGOs that receive funding from abroad-and also happen to criticize his party’s misuse of public resources. But to do so, he declares, as Serbia’s president Aleksandar Vuèiæ did, that the country needs to rid itself of “lying,” “treacherous” journalists that act as “foreign mercenaries.” 1 And, he insists, just like Poland’s governing Law and Justice party did, that his government must first replace judges who have been deeming his party’s policies unconstitutional. Suppose a politician gains prominence by promising to redress a widely held political grievance. Europe’s authoritarian potential, both overt and hidden, is located on its electorates’ far-right flanks. The root cause of the illiberal right’s tolerance for authoritarianism appears to be not in how much it cares about its signature issues, like immigration or traditional values, but in how little it cares about democracy. Citizens in the second group do not vote, but, in several countries, they are dormant supporters of the illiberal right and exhibit just as much lenience toward transgressions against democracy. Citizens in the first group support parties on the extreme, populist, radical, or nationalist right. Across seven countries, we systematically detect two reservoirs of tolerance for authoritarianism: the illiberal right and the disengaged. Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely.In order to diagnose Europe’s democratic vulnerabilities, we conducted experiments that probe Europeans’ ability to recognize and punish politicians who undermine democracy. Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue.
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